<< endobj 48 0 obj /T1_6 158 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Type /Catalog /T1_4 101 0 R /CreationDate (D:20091123211313+08'00') >> . >> /Encoding << Satellites have several unique characteristics which make them particularly useful for remote sensing of the Earth's surface. thermal) radiation can also image the surface on ascending passes. Satellite Operations Our team operates a vast network of antennas and ground stations across the country responsible for providing 24/7 operation of our current satellites. /R [197 314 510 320] /Thumb 165 0 R Because of atmospheric drag and other forces that occur when a satellite is in orbit, they may deviate from their initial orbital path. /F 4 2009-11-23T21:50:35+08:00 /Resources << /Fields [] /F 4 >> 26 0 obj Because of the orbital velocity, all other points on the globe are passed either slightly before or after this time. Satellites at very high altitudes, which view the same portion of the Earth's surface at all times have geostationary orbits. /Annots [150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R] Key words: antenna patterns; footprints; geostationary satellite; power density contours 1. endobj >> << /PageLabels 10 0 R /S /URI /Type /Annot 58 0 obj /CS0 77 0 R endobj /F 4 >> If we start with any randomly selected pass in a satellite's orbit, an orbit cycle will be completed when the satellite retraces its path, passing over the same point on the Earth's surface directly below the satellite (called the nadir point) for a second time. /Contents [59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R] /ColorSpace << As a satellite revolves around the Earth, the sensor "sees" a certain portion of the Earth's surface. >> endobj It is also much more difficult to fix a sensor in space if a problem or malfunction develops! /Subtype /Link >> /CS0 77 0 R /F 24 0 R /T1_8 72 0 R endobj /T1_4 159 0 R These are near-polar orbits, so named for the inclination of the orbit relative to a line running between the North and South poles. Geostationary satellites expend fuel to keep themselves stationary over the equator, and thus cannot normally ordinarily be seen from the poles. /Rect [345.94 223.767 423.893 231.761] /N 33 0 R >> The interval of time required for the satellite to complete its orbit cycle is not the same as the "revisit period". /Font << << /T1_6 101 0 R An observer on the ground can simply point an antenna toward a fixed point in … /ColorSpace << /Border [0 0 0] >> /Rotate 0 /Type /Page 45 0 obj These geostationary satellites, at altitudes of approximately 36,000 kilometres, revolve at speeds which match the rotation of the Earth so they seem stationary, relative to the Earth's surface. %PDF-1.4 << /A << /URI (mailto:schreier@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de) endobj /Font << /Title (�� t x 1) 54 0 obj >> /Outlines 8 0 R /R [197 312 510 463] /T1_2 72 0 R 11 0 obj /Im1 161 0 R /Subtype /Link /T 19 0 R 12 0 obj /Type /Annot /Dest (aff1) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.005 endobj 1 /Parent 4 0 R /Thumb 136 0 R This means something which is stationary. 28 0 obj 15 0 obj /AuthoritativeDomain#5B1#5D (elsevier.com) /Contents 178 0 R /F 4 /B [147 0 R 148 0 R] /Thumb 149 0 R /Subtype /Link /ExtGState << >> /T1_4 69 0 R Meteorologists (weather forecasters) use these images to help them determine in which direction the weather patterns are likely to go. /Border [0 0 0] /Rotate 0 /BitsPerComponent 8 endobj /GS0 76 0 R 29 0 obj These geostationary satellites, at altitudes of approximately 36,000 kilometres, revolve at speeds which match the rotation of the Earth so … /CropBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] 1 0 obj /T1_0 67 0 R /Im1 75 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB] Computer Modelling of Autonomous Satellite Navigation Characteristics on Geostationary Orbit: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7588-7.ch013: Satellite systems are a fast-developing and broad field of study. /Resources << /P 9 0 R /Type /Pages /currency 166 /brokenbar 168 /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine 172 /logicalnot /.notdef /registered /macron /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Page << >> >> "...the forecast calls for scattered clouds with the possibility of rain...". /ExtGState << /Parent 4 0 R /BaseFont /Helvetica /Border [0 0 0] /PDFDocEncoding 22 0 R /Type /Page >> >> /B [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R] 5 0 obj /T 19 0 R /Resources << /Parent 4 0 R Are there any disadvantages that you can think of?The answer is ... As a satellite in a near-polar sun-synchronous orbit revolves around the Earth, the satellite crosses the equator at approximately the same local sun time every day. 9 0 obj /T 19 0 R >> For a sensor in the visible portion of the spectrum, what would be the advantages and disadvantages of crossing times (local sun time) a) in the early morning, b) around noon, and c) in the mid afternoon?The answer is ... Answer 1: Sensors on board satellites generally can "see" a much larger area of the Earth's surface than would be possible from a sensor onboard an aircraft. �V{���=��_-y���Q1�����Y ����b��qg�?3�eϴ� o�F� /T1_4 71 0 R /Type /Annot /ExtGState << The path followed by a satellite is referred to as its orbit. /F 4 2 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] /Dest (bib7) Examples are many: INTELSAT-15 (at 85 deg East), GSAT-10 (83 deg East), INSAT-4CR (at 48 deg East), INTELSAT-11 (at 43 deg West) etc. Datasets and methodology are described in section 2. >> 44 0 obj /Contents 145 0 R M. Schreier; L. Joxe; V. Eyring; H. Bovensmann; J.P. Burrows >> Mention any two characteristics of geostationary satellite. 39 0 obj endobj /CS0 77 0 R 7 0 obj endobj Most of the remote sensing satellite platforms today are in near-polar orbits, which means that the satellite travels northwards on one side of the Earth and then toward the southern pole on the second half of its orbit. However, as seen from the Earth, it seems that the satellite is shifting westward because the Earth is rotating (from west to east) beneath it. /Filter [/FlateDecode] %���� /Name /Helv /T1_8 71 0 R /P 9 0 R >> /GS0 76 0 R /Dest (bib13) endobj endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] << >> Using steerable sensors, an satellite-borne instrument can view an area (off-nadir) before and after the orbit passes over a target, thus making the 'revisit' time less than the orbit cycle time. 10 0 obj endobj >> endobj . /Subtype /Link >> >> /Rect [196.044 236.239 238.28 244.233] << /R [260 78 265 126] /V 31 0 R 20 0 obj uuid:66f007ba-49d7-444f-a071-84d02ab2aad1 The author defined these systems with similar shape, area, and duration on infrared satellite imageries hb5%�Nꋉ�vX����P�{�IP)������ UM@c&�� ��H,P��Ή&�$k��z[}�gcNW�'>��]�)�V�]�8��@�n�[a 2.2 Satellite Characteristics: Orbits and Swaths We learned in the previous section that remote sensing instruments can be placed on a variety of platforms to view and image targets. In near-polar orbits, areas at high latitudes will be imaged more frequently than the equatorial zone due to the increasing overlap in adjacent swaths as the orbit paths come closer together near the poles. /Type /Annot /Border [0 0 0] Distributions of TBB at different evolution times show a … /Type /Annot << Also, under such illumination,'specular reflection' from smooth surfaces may be a problem for interpreters. /ExtGState << /T 19 0 R >> >> 51 0 obj /Font << 53 0 obj Geostationary Satellite: These satellites are placed into orbit at a distance of around 35,800 km from the earth’s surface. >> >> endstream 0169-8095 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB] >> >> /Type /Annot << Answer 2: An early morning crossing time would have the sun at a very low angle in the sky and would be good for emphasizing topographic effects but would result in a lot of shadow in areas of high relief. << What is the speed with which they collide? /T1_0 67 0 R /Dest (maintitle) /Border [0 0 0] /T1_2 72 0 R << /Rect [98.532 77.669 201.713 84.076] << The geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite belt¹ is a unique location above the earth affording a continuous line-of-sight to satellite uplink and downlink stations. endobj /Resources << /Type /Annot We show, that it … False Geostationary satellites are in a geostationary orbit around the planet's equator at an altitude of approximately 22,236 miles above sea level, and they travel at 1.91 miles per second in the same direction the Earth is turning. The use of global navigation satellite systems for relatively autonomous spacecraft 37 0 obj At this height, the satellite's orbital period matches the rotation of the Earth, so the satellite seems to stay stationary over the same point on the equator. endobj >> /T1_4 157 0 R /Subtype /Link endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB] /GS0 76 0 R }���-�L��`R �a�����P���yĹ��D8�U����N�ݏ��EĨo��w�Z���RNݯr��1B��솔�>pPp�!�5�.�!���y�TU䢫��1���������h�P~(s�W2��. /Length 699 >> /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /T1_3 156 0 R /R [38 422 177 466] /T1_0 67 0 R /Rect [448.384 255.175 507.572 263.112] >> /Type /Page endobj /R [38 466 177 485] /Subtype /Link /T1_0 67 0 R A geosynchronous orbit is a high Earth orbit that allows satellites to match Earth's rotation. The high repeat coverage capability of satellites with geostationary orbits allows them to collect several images daily to allow these patterns to be closely monitored. /Author (M. Schreier; L. Joxe; V. Eyring; H. Bovensmann; J.P. Burrows) /Rect [155.792 529.568 159.817 540.17] << /T1_4 72 0 R >> When they are a distance of 109km, their speeds are negligible. /T1_1 71 0 R /GS0 76 0 R << /T1_0 69 0 R journal /Border [0 0 0] /Encoding 22 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Thumb 82 0 R /S /URI ...most of the images you see on television weather forecasts are from geostationary satellites. /Rect [166.167 152.561 242.022 160.498] /T1_7 159 0 R /T 19 0 R /V 26 0 R /P 9 0 R Moreover their weights are also dissimilar. This allows the satellites to observe and collect information continuously over specific areas. Due to their high altitude, some geostationary weather satellites can monitor weather and cloud patterns covering an entire hemisphere of the Earth. /Rect [52.668 52.271 145.531 58.677] << /Dest (bib3) /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB] /Subtype /Link /Subtype /Link These systems maintain the satellites precise orbits and provide the uninterrupted flow of environmental information forecasters and emergency managers rely on. In this study, we provide a new approach for statistical analysis of ship track characteristics (diurnal cycle, length, and lifetime) by using the new generation of satellite instruments for weather observation in geostationary orbit. /trademark /fi /fl /Lslash /OE /Scaron /Ydieresis /Zcaron /dotlessi /lslash /oe /scaron /zcaron 160 /Euro 164 Assume the stars to remain undistorted until they collide. >> >> >> 14 0 obj You will not receive a reply. >> >> 56 0 obj >> endobj >> However, aircraft sensors can collect data at any time and over any portion of the Earth's surface (as long as conditions allow it) while satellite sensors are restricted to collecting data over only those areas and during specific times dictated by their particular orbits. /Font << >> /F 4 /Font << /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Type /Encoding /Border [0 0 0] >> /Type /Metadata /A << << >> Two stars each of one solar mass (= 2 x 1030 kg) are approaching each other for a head-on collision. True /T1_1 67 0 R /Type /Annot /Rect [369.694 529.568 373.72 540.17] << /Rect [338.627 98.249 405.411 106.242] Many of these satellite orbits are also sun-synchronous such that they cover each area of the world at a constant local time of day called local sun time. endobj 27 0 obj endobj /T 19 0 R However, a phenomenon called solar heating (due to the sun heating the surface), which causes difficulties for recording reflected energy, will be near maximum at this time of day. /T1_5 69 0 R /B [162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R] /CS0 77 0 R /T1_3 69 0 R At Wuchang, ionospheric scintillations exhibit not only diurnal variations but also seasonal variations. /GS0 76 0 R /Title (Ship track characteristics derived from geostationary satellite observations on the west coast of southern Africa) /Subtype /Type1 At this altitude, one orbit takes 24 hours, the same length of time as the earth requires to rotate once on its axis. This usually ends the satellite's primary mission. >> /Subtype /Link >> << >> /Rect [286.299 234.255 374.06 242.192] << endobj /Type /Annot Life Cycle Characteristics of MCSs in Middle East China Tracked by Geostationary Satellite and Precipitation Estimates YUFEI AI Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, and Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite /Annots [36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R /Subtype /Link /Parent 4 0 R /Rect [334.318 202.847 472.705 210.841] >> /T1_0 67 0 R /CropBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] /MediaBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] /Annots [174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R] In this paper, a statistical analysis is made on ionospheric scintillations by processing the data of geostationary satellite beacon measurements and ionograms at Wuchang during May-Aug., 1983 and May-Dec., 1984. /T1_1 68 0 R >> endobj endobj /Trapped /False >> /URI (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.005) /T 19 0 R Geostationary Satellite around Earth Model. /PageMode /UseOutlines /V 32 0 R /T 19 0 R << Although ground-based and aircraft platforms may be used, satellites provide a great deal of the remote sensing imagery commonly used today. >> The geometry of orbiting satellites with respect to the Earth can be calculated quite accurately and facilitates correction of remote sensing images to their proper geographic orientation and position. /Thumb 125 0 R /Type /Annot >> /Height 92 << /T1_7 68 0 R /Kids [79 0 R] They rotate in the same direction as the earth and one revolution of such satellites is the same as one day on earth (roughly 24 hours). /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis] Atmospheric Research 49 0 obj 1 Answer +1 vote . >> /Rotate 0 /ColorSpace << /ZaDb 21 0 R /R [38 118 265 293] BGAN, the new global mobile communication… endobj /Contents 121 0 R Geostationary satellites orbit in the earth's equatorial plane at a height of 38,500 km. This would be useful for surfaces of low reflectance but might cause saturation of the sensor over high reflectance surfaces, such as ice. Most satellites and their sensors have a finite life-span ranging from a few to several years. /T1_2 156 0 R >> endobj /Names 3 0 R << January 2010 24 0 obj /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute Both kinds of satellite are necessary for providing a complete global weather monitoring system. >> /Subtype /Link /Subtype /Link uuid:be9e64ac-99b1-41b8-9375-4707f6e86752 /F 4 The observation of the rapidly changing dynamic characteristics of algae is limited by the insufficient temporal resolution of satellite data. /T1_1 71 0 R /T1_6 100 0 R >> /ExtGState << Also, because they are continually orbiting the Earth, it is relatively easy to collect imagery on a systematic and repetitive basis in order to monitor changes over time. 19 0 obj /Filter [/FlateDecode] /Type /Annot What advantages do sensors carried on board satellites have over those carried on aircraft? Inthe mid afternoon, the illumination conditions would be more moderate. /ExtGState << Characteristics of antennas at earth stations in the fixed-satellite service. /CS0 77 0 R endobj /T1_0 67 0 R /Border [0 0 0] >> /CS0 77 0 R /Resources << /V 24 0 R /V 172 0 R answered Feb 19, 2020 by KhusbuKumari (50.9k points) selected Feb 20, 2020 by Rohit01 . A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite, placed at an altitude of approximately 35,800 kilometers (22,300 miles) directly over the equator, that revolves in the same direction the earth rotates (west to east). /Type /Annot /T1_10 101 0 R /XObject << /CS0 77 0 R /T1_2 100 0 R Imaging swaths for spaceborne sensors generally vary between tens and hundreds of kilometres wide. >> /Type /Annot /Dest (bib19) /Type /Annot /Last 23 0 R >> /Dest (bib11) 16 0 obj /XObject << Satellites have been launched for various applications and are placed at different altitudes. >> /Dest (bib10) 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R] << /Width 68 Phytoplankton bloom in a shallow inland eutrophic lake (Taihu Lake) is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variation and a high concentration of chlorophyll-a (Cchl-a). endobj /F 4 >> /N 28 0 R Geostationary Satellite :- Geo means earth and stationary means at rest. /Rotate 0 /GS0 76 0 R >> << /Length 5515 << endobj >> /T 19 0 R This paper is organized as follows. >> c. Satellites are called transceivers because they have 2 functions: (1) They receive signals from earth stations; (2) then they amplify the signals and retransmit them back to earth. This is ideal for making regular sequential observations of cloud patterns over a r… Characteristics of Satellite Systems. /Border [0 0 0] /T 19 0 R endobj /XObject << /Parent 4 0 R Active sensors which provide their own illumination or passive sensors that record emitted (e.g. 43 0 obj 38 0 obj These are called ascending and descending passes, respectively. 1 application/pdf /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] /ColorSpace << /Type /Annot >> /V 30 0 R endobj << endobj << << A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 kilometres (22,236 miles) above Earth's equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation. /Annots [126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R] In order to minimize between these effects, most satellites which image in the visible, reflected, and emitted infrared regions use crossing times around mid-morning as a compromise. /Contents 99 0 R << /Dest (bib24) /Subtype /Type1 Since the field of view of a satellite in geostationary orbit is fixed, it always views the same geographical area, day or night. << /Type /Page 55 0 obj /Annots [106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R] /Im0 74 0 R /B [133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R] /T1_5 157 0 R /Annots [137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R] /Rect [104.031 529.568 108.567 540.17] >> /F 4 /Subtype /Link /Parent 4 0 R /PageLayout /SinglePage << EUMETSAT currently operates the Meteosat -9, -10 and -11 in geostationary orbit (36,000km) over Europe and Africa, and Meteosat-8 over the Indian Ocean. /T1_5 101 0 R >> endobj << 6 0 obj /P 9 0 R 95 /Dest (bib7) /Rotate 0 Table 1: Key characteristics of the STR instrument. /Annots [83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R] << /Rect [286.299 119.168 304.498 127.162] /MediaBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] The moon was used for calibration of the instrument: The calibration procedure is based on the comparison of the output data of the onboard apparatus of the geostationary satellite GOMS with a photometric database that includes measured values of brightness and temperature for a large number of lunar surface areas. /Resources << /First 23 0 R A spacecraft in this orbit appears to an observer on Earth to be stationary in the sky. /Parent 4 0 R /F 4 /Rect [211.521 529.568 216.057 540.17] /MediaBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] The revisit period is an important consideration for a number of monitoring applications, especially when frequent imaging is required (for example, to monitor the spread of an oil spill, or the extent of flooding). endobj /N 80 0 R /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) 2011-08-03T09:46:17+01:00 /Dests 11 0 R << B /Helv 20 0 R /ColorSpace << >> >> /Type /Page /T1_3 70 0 R /Font << /Dest (aff1) elsevier.com endobj /T1_5 101 0 R /Dest (aff1) << /Subtype /Link >> /P 9 0 R /Subtype /Link Satellites at very high altitudes, which view the same portion of the Earth's surface at all times have geostationary orbits. >> endobj /Rect [299.168 673.512 349.342 681.505] 59 0 obj .) /Rect [299.792 529.568 303.817 540.17] Relative to the centre of TPVs, low TBB appears in the southeast and extends from southwest to northeast, whose values are smaller and ranges are larger before the TPVs move off than after moving off. /ColorSpace << /F 4 As the satellite orbits the Earth from pole to pole, its east-west position wouldn't change if the Earth didn't rotate. The area imaged on the surface, is referred to as the swath. /Rect [464.712 129.657 507.458 137.594] /AcroForm 6 0 R /Border [0 0 0] /Dest (bib8) /Rotate 0 endobj /Border [0 0 0] /Annots [166 0 R 167 0 R] The rapidly increasing use of non-geostationary satellite orbits (non-GSO), such as medium Earth orbits (MEO) and low Earth orbits (LEO), represents an important innovation in satellite technology – and a potential breakthrough in connecting the unconnected so … d. Author Arthur Clarke first proposed a belt of geostationary orbiting satellites around Earth for optimal signals. /Type /Annot This study investigated quasi-circular meso- a-scale convective sys-tems that frequently move across the central United States. 21 0 obj >> /T1_2 68 0 R 30 0 obj H��W=�� %��E��4�wq���Ů�S.��ۮ���ď�r���H̗�OO�_&4pn�lFDPp�o�1���#7pM�A۵}�~� �?�����8xW��#���1&1��·7����J�q0?’D.���㳸����-������ԫel8�nd�ZR-�AΆu2�l��K1�6-ʏ`S q��0��9������O�ܦ��Yn�"�雂}��4(q�͢�J��q�"�Qۆ��}�[�%5�������s-o�W? << endobj /Type /Annot /Font << /I << /T1_4 68 0 R >> ...satellites occasionally require their orbits to be corrected. /V 27 0 R /T1_5 158 0 R >> >> Although ground-based and aircraft platforms may be used, satellites provide a great deal of the remote sensing imagery commonly used today. /Type /Font /Im0 131 0 R /Parent 8 0 R 57 0 obj A satellite in such an orbit is at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km (22,236 mi) above mean sea level. Sensors recording reflected solar energy only image the surface on a descending pass, when solar illumination is available. /P 9 0 R /F 4 There are around 375 active satellites around the geostationary arc at some longitude or other. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.005 endobj /S /URI /Metadata 7 0 R /Resources << stream 46 0 obj endobj /Resources << 50 0 obj /Parent 4 0 R >> /Border [0 0 0] /T1_2 69 0 R /Dest (aff1) /PXCViewerInfo (PDF-XChange Viewer;2.0.56.0;Sep 17 2010;21:40:30;D:20110803094617+01'00') /Border [0 0 0] /Dest (aff2) /T1_1 71 0 R A�a�pp�2��p�²��Vz^?B$���߇L$�;��"��, Ship track characteristics derived from geostationary satellite observations on the west coast of southern Africa, M. Schreier; L. Joxe; V. Eyring; H. Bovensmann; J.P. Burrows. /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot Satellite orbits are matched to the capability and objective of the sensor(s) they carry. gravitation; class-11; Share It On Facebook Twitter Email. /First 180 0 R Locating Geostationary Satellites. >> /P 9 0 R 8 0 obj /V 33 0 R /B [123 0 R 124 0 R] For this purpose, we examine eight years of observations from the geostationary satellite Fengyun 2 (FY2) series. << /T1_3 100 0 R >> 31 0 obj /T1_3 72 0 R /F 4 >> << 32 4 0 obj /ColorSpace 181 0 R stream /CropBox [0 0 544.309 742.28] /Dest (bib8) Elsevier /V 29 0 R /T1_3 72 0 R /Count 9 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.005 This apparent movement allows the satellite swath to cover a new area with each consecutive pass. /T1_6 73 0 R This is because they provide broad coverage of the weather and cloud patterns on continental scales. /V 25 0 R >> /ModDate (D:20110803094617+01'00') characteristics. /T1_0 67 0 R >> /Dest (aff2) /Rect [286.299 244.687 507.458 252.68] 33 0 obj /OpenAction [9 0 R /FitH 1297] >> /N 29 0 R /V 28 0 R << /P 9 0 R /T1_5 72 0 R /Dest (cor1) [19 0 R] << 32-39 /B [24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R] << endobj /Thumb 35 0 R /Rect [98.192 529.568 102.217 540.17] >> This Geostationary Satellite around Earth Model is a simple angular velocity model that uses the Java3D implementation for realistic visualization of satellite objects in geostationary orbits at three different locations namely (near Singapore, near Africa and America . 35 0 obj 42 0 obj 34 0 obj Satellites orbiting around the Earth in equatorial plane with time period equal to 24 hours. >> A geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) is a circular geosynchronous orbit in the plane of the Earth's equator with a radius of approximately 42,164 km (26,199 mi) (measured from the center of the Earth).
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